By Dr. Crystal Moore
The recent passing of Gwen Ifill, a trailblazing journalist and role model to many women and the African-American community, brings to light the importance of health screenings for a condition that uniquely affects women — uterine cancer. The most common type of uterine cancer, endometrial carcinoma, occurs in more than 60,000 U.S. women every year. As we pause to remember the inspirational life of Gwen Ifill, we should also acknowledge the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this commonly diagnosed gynecologic cancer. While the condition occurs in many women, it is treatable. Open communication with your physician and pathologist, whose diagnosis drives patient care decisions, is key to increasing the survival rate of this condition.
While Ifill bore her illness in privacy, I believe that this pioneering woman who took on the most politically-charged issues of our day, would share what she has learned about her own health if she knew it could save the lives of her endeared audiences. Ifill’s battle with endometrial cancer is one that hits too close to home for many women, but can serve as a reminder to be vigilant in our monitoring of this and other conditions.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) all women with a uterus are at risk of developing uterine cancer; the most common type of which is endometrial carcinoma. In fact, data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) estimates that approximately 10,500 women will die of the disease yearly. The message of hope is that the five-year survival rate for endometrial carcinoma is 81.7 percent. If diagnosed at an early stage, endometrial carcinoma is highly curable.
In order to diagnose and treat this disease at early stages, women should be aware of the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of the disease and know when to consult a physician who will work with a pathologist to determine a diagnosis. The pathologist’s diagnosis will drive patient care decisions that lead to treatment outcomes and informed medical decision making.
Known risk factors for developing endometrial carcinoma include:
- CHANGES IN HORMONAL BALANCE. Diseases or conditions that increase the amount of estrogen in a woman’s body, such as obesity, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and certain rare estrogen secreting tumors, can increase her risk of endometrial carcinoma. Additionally, exogenous hormones such as estrogen used to treat menopausal symptoms, and tamoxifen, a hormone therapy for breast cancer, is known to increase the risk of endometrial carcinoma.
- EARLY ONSET MENSES. Beginning the menstrual cycle prior to age 12 and/or having late menopause increases the risk due to the number of years the endometrium is exposed to estrogen.
- ADVANCING AGE. The majority of endometrial carcinomas are diagnosed in women in menopause.
- NO PREGNANCIES. Women who have never been pregnant have a higher risk of both ovarian cancer and endometrial carcinoma than women who have experienced pregnancy.
- INHERITED COLON CANCER SYNDROME. Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) is due to a genetic mutation that is known to increase the risk of several types of cancer including endometrial.
Several potential signs and symptoms of endometrial carcinoma exist; while most are nonspecific, if you or a loved one experiences any of the following symptoms, be sure to consult with your health care team immediately. Signs and symptoms of endometrial carcinoma may include:
- Postmenopausal bleeding
- Pelvic pain
- Pain or vaginal bleeding during or after intercourse
- Vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods
- Abnormal watery or bloody discharge from the vagina
The evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of endometrial carcinoma will vary depending on the patient’s particular presentation, general health, and preferences. Generally it will consist of a painless pelvic exam and ultrasound. If more extensive evaluation is required, your practitioner may perform a hysteroscopy (visual inspection of the endometrium) and biopsy, which will be sent to a pathologist, like myself, for evaluation and final diagnosis.
If women are mindful of the risks, signs, and symptoms of endometrial carcinoma, we can utilize early detection to save lives and honor the life of our fallen warrior — Gwen Ifill.
Follow Crystal Moore, MD, PhD, FCAP at DrCrystalMoore.com or on Twitter (@DrCrystalAMoore) for more health information and to receive a Prescription For Life (#RxForLife) to maximize your wellness in body, mind, soul, and spirit.
Dr. Moore professed, even as a young child, that she wanted to be a physician. For her, medicine is not just a profession, but also a calling. Following that calling led her to pursue a dual doctorate, physician-scientist, MD/PhD degree at the Medical College of Virginia. Her Ph.D. was awarded in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics. She completed her residency training in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology at Duke University and is a board-certified Fellow of the College of American Pathologists.
As a sought after speaker, Dr. Moore delivers complex information in a highly understandable and remarkably humorous manner. She speaks to the total person and her message heals the body, mind, soul, and spirit. Dr. Moore believes and conveys that health is wealth not to be taken for granted, but to be actively pursued. Accordingly, she guides individuals and audiences on a journey to wellness and abundant life.
Dr. Crystal A. Moore is a native of the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, where she resides with her two teenage sons.